Some images from the last day of the Shuttle Program.
Julian (yellow shirt) and Mark( tan vest). Two real gentlemen who mentored me during my time at KSC, I'm very grateful for their generosity.
The final journey: Atlantis is moved to the OPF for the last time.
Employee appreciation rally. Many of these people received their layoff notices the next day. Godspeed to all of them.
Thursday, July 21, 2011
Too many of us have lost the passion and emotion of the remarkable things we’ve done in space. Let us not tear up the future, but rather again heed the creative metaphors that render space travel a religious experience. When the blast of a rocket launch slams you against the wall and all the rust is shaken off your body, you will hear the great shout of the universe and the joyful crying of people who have been changed by what they’ve seen.
— Ray Bradbury, quoted in R. D. Launius, The thrill of spaceflight, Profile: Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery News 4:8, 2003
Come, my friends,
’Tis not too late to seek a newer world.
Push off, and sitting well in order smite
The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths
Of all the western stars, until I die.
It may be that the gulfs will wash us down:
It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.
Tho’ much is taken, much abides; and tho’
We are not now that strength which in old days
Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are;
One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
Stay tuned for updates on the final landing of Atlantis...
Don't tell me that man doesn't belong out there. Man belongs wherever he wants to go—and he'll do plenty well when he gets there.
— Wernher von Braun, quoted in 'Space: Reach for the Stars', Time magazine, 17 February 1958.
Attending the STS-134 launch and the lift/mate for STS-135 has left me elated, but with a sadness. My pass allows me to attend the rollout of "the stack" from the VAB to the pad next week and the night landing of STS-134, not sure if I'll be attending.
There is a lot of hard feeling about the end of the Shuttle program, for the first time the U.S. will be without a spacecraft being actively developed. How did we get here??? Many want to blame the Obama administration for killing the Constellation Program, but the truth is more complicated than that.
After the loss of Challenger back in 1986 it was obvious that while the Shuttle was a magnificent engineering achievement, it would never be as easy and cheap to operate as claimed, and it had a deep flaw: the inability of the crew to escape a malfunctioning booster. As far back as 1978 an alternative system had been proposed where the cargo would be put on the top of the stack instead of on the side of the booster.
This "in-line" variant of the STS system would allow a greater variety of payloads to be carried since the payload diameter would not be limited by the constraints of being next to the ET. However, until the loss of Challenger this variant remained a paper rocket.
Subsequently this proposal was revived, and evolved into a program called the National Launch System. Using many of the same construction and operating parts from the Shuttle system, it was an evolutionary step.
The NLS made it as far as the Preliminary Design Review before it was cancelled in the early 1990s. Various reasons have been cited, but no matter what, if it had been funded it would have been flying long ago.
After the loss of Columbia a call was once again made for an alternative to the shuttle. The Ares I and the Ares V boosters were proposed, along with the return of a capsule (Orion) for transportation of astronauts to and from orbit.
The Ares V was supposed to be the "heavy lift"booster, but unlike the NLS system that built on existing STS hardware such as the 4 segment SRBs and the 8.4m ET, the Ares V required the development of a new 5 segment SRB, and the construction of a new 10m external tank.
The Ares I was a combination of a 5.5 segment SRB developed from the Shuttle combined with an upper stage powered by an Apollo era J2 engine, updated for digital controls and advances in rocket engine technology such as an expandable nozzle.
From the start the Ares Program generated controversy. Critics called the Ares V the "Franken-rocket", and at one point in it's growth it was proposed that the rocket would have to be tilted to fit out of the VAB. The Ares I suffered from a myriad of issues, but the most serious was called "thrust oscillation".
When a solid rocket motor burns it's not a smooth combustion, but it gives off a considerable amount of vibration. Comments made by Shuttle astronauts always refer to how rough the ride is under the solids and how smooth the ride is after they burn out and the liquid hydrogen/oxygen engines take over. This vibration is called "thrust oscillation" and in a Shuttle launch the vibration is absorbed by a large I-beam going through the ET structure connecting the two boosters.
However, in a single SRB booster such as Ares I there would be no such system to absorb the vibration, and studies showed that the vibration could be severe enough to present hazards to the crew. A system was under development but the addition of it ate into the already marginal boost capability of the Ares I system, which had been further reduced as performance goals were not met.
With the many problems cropping up in the Constellation Program engineers at Marshall quietly began resurrecting the NLS. Insinuations about reprisals directed toward engineers speaking out about the problems with the NASA directed Ares Program have been reported but never confirmed, but the end result is that a group of engineers worked on their own time to bring the NLS back under the name "Direct Launch" with the boosters being called the Jupiter class.
Using proven 4 segment SRMs and the existing 8.4m ET, it was believed that had this system been given the go-ahead it would have been operational within 3 years, with the "long pole" being the software to control the rocket.In addition, the basic Jupiter J-130 would have had an excess of capacity, allowing much of the systems eliminated from the Orion capsule as a result of the short comings of Ares I to be brought back.
With the problems in the U.S. economy in 2007/8, and involved in 2 wars, it was determined that NASAs Constellation Proposal was simply unaffordable and the program was cancelled. NASA was directed to return to a more Shuttle-derived launch system, but it is once again undergoing mission creep and is back up once again to a 5 engine Saturn-class booster, and it's doubtful it will ever fly.
In the meantime, NASA is continuing funding of the Commercial Launch systems. Elon Musk's Falcon 9 rocket has flown the first privately developed capsule in orbit, and has a plan for it to be human rated. There are other contenders in the field, and history will show what the outcome is.
Irregardless of what happens in the future, I don't believe history will be kind to those who passed up the work on the NLS in favor of the Ares Program. Instead of continuing to throw money at the Russians to fly U.S. astronauts on Soyuz spacecraft to the ISS, they should have been flying on U.S. made Jupiter rockets.
Wednesday was the scheduled lift and mate day for Atlantis. Like any carefully planned event a small problem threw the whole thing behind. But when you're lifting a billion dollars of space shuttle 500' in the air, hurrying is the last thing you want to do.
First the shuttle is attached to a lift sling.
There are 4 points of attachment.
Then the cranes lift the orbiter to the vertical position. As luck would have it, it was not my turn to be in the VAB when this happened. However, later in the day I was allowed access.
While in the vertical position detailed images are taken of the heat shield to be compared to the ones taken after launch during the "backflip" maneuver. (This is being done right now for a couple dings on Endeavour.).
The rules:
-No electronic devices except cameras.
-If in doubt, ask!!
-Walk anywhere but do NOT go under the orbiter. Do not touch the Orbiter.
Later we were also taken up into level 5 and 16.
Before proceding to Level 16 we were given a briefing: On the right you will see 2 doors. Do not go in there for any reason, including evacuation. They ARE alarmed, you WILL be removed from the VAB, your badge WILL be taken, and you will not be allowed back.
Atlantis was then rotated 45 degrees. Legend has it that to pass their final test a pen was attached to the block and the crane operators were required to sign their name on a sheet of paper. I asked a current tech and he said it was true, but now they were given other tasks. Note the yellow line on the floor the orbiter is aligned with during the rotation. (this image was taken after the vehicle had been moved a few feet from the alignment zone.)
And slowly, the lift began.
Here's why the orbiter is turned 45 degrees: it has to fit through the gap from the "low bay" to the "high bay". This requirement actually determined the wingspan of the shuttle.
Then Atlantis was again rotated to line up with the stack. At this point an oscillation developed and any further lowering was delayed until it dampened out. An hour and something later it was still moving too much, so at 2100 we were sent home.
I want to extend my gratitude to the staff of the KSC Media Center. These have been a long couple weeks, but they went above and beyond what was required for them, pulling many long days.
